雅思写作话题分类词汇（超全整理集合）

 教育与学业

考试频率：★★★★★

Education and study 教育与学业

1、Teaching methods 教学方法

2、Educational facilities 教育设施 

3、Academic subjects 学校科目 

4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学） 

5、Personal development 个人发展 

6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长 

7、Generation gap 代沟

8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年问题

9、Studying abroad 留学话题

10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作

11、Parents’/Teachers’ responsibilities 父母/教师责任

12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费

真题重现

In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects.

What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1. scope of knowledge 知识面

2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担

3.comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识

4.long-distance education 远程教育

5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段

6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法

7.schooling 学校教育 parenting、upbringing 家庭教育

8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识

9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学

10.vocational education 职业教育

11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的

12.enlightening 予以人启迪的

13.perplexing 令人困惑的

14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性

15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的

16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任

17.exam-oriented education 应试教育

18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维

19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面

20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值

21.grasp good communication skills 掌握良好交流技能

22.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养了强烈的责任感

23.cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维

24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死记硬背

25.cultivate，foster，nurture 培养

26.promote the student’s physical, mental \intellectual and emotional development 促进学生身心发展

27.psychological soundness\well-being 心理健康

28.aptitude，talent 学习能力（先天）

29.ability，skill 学习能力（后天）

30.tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潜能

31.go astray 误入歧途 ;indiscipline 、 misbehavior 、 mischief 不 遵 守 纪 律 ;

disruptive students 、 unruly students 违反纪律的学生; commit crimes 犯罪

32.theoretical knowledge 理 论 知 识 ;

practical knowledge 实践知识

33.university education 大学教育;

vocational education职 业 教 育 ;

primary-level education 小 学 教育;

secondary-level education 中学教育

34 youngsters、adolescents 青少年

35.develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能

36.comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识

37.face-to-face communication 面对面交流

38.stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣

39.increase efficiency 提高效率

40.enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段

41.be fully aware of…充分意识到…

科学与技术

考试频率：★★★★★

Science and Technology 科学与技术

1、Technological 科技产品 

2、Information technology 信息与技术 

3、Discoveries and inventions 发现与创造 

4、Science VS. culture 科学与文化 

5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娱乐 

6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/资源

7、Medical advancement 医学进步

8、Technology VS. arts 科技与艺术

9、Animal experiments 动物实验

10、Space research 太空研究

11、Extending human life 延长寿命

12、Genetically modified food 转基因食品

真题重现

With computer technology becoming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more children study from home.

Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers.

What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

分类词汇加油站

1.exert a far-reaching impact on 产生一种深远的影响

2.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技

3 information explosion\overload 信息爆炸

4 depletion of resources 能源消耗

5.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备

6.technical innovation 科技创新

7.enhance\augment\boost the efficiency 提高效率

8.the proliferation of Internet 互联网的广泛使用

9.technological innovations 科技创新及发展

10.labor-saving 省力的 labor-replacing 代替人力的

11.biotechnology 生物技术

12.a fatal breakdown 致命故障

13.potential hazards 潜在危险

14.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁

15.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展

16.accelerate 加速…

17.transportation tools 交通工具

18.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源

19alternative fuel 可替代燃料

20.sustainable development 可持续性发展

21.scientific exploration 科学探索

22.substitute 取代

23.overcome difficulties 克服困难

24.unprecedented 前所未有的

25.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展

26.aggravate 使恶化

27.levy the tax 征税

28.be viewed as …被视为是…

29.be concerned about …对…担忧/关注…

30.pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料

31.luxury 奢侈品

32.chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒

33.lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…

34.settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律

35.Impose restrictions on …对…实施限制

36.short-sighted 目光短浅的

37.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

38.telecommunications 远程通信

39.a pillar industry 支柱产业

40.make full use of …充分利用

41.speed limits 限速

42.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

43.pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

44.call for …需要…

45.overcrowded 过度拥挤的

46.headache 令人头痛的事

47.traffic accidents 交通事故

48.head-way 进展

49.conflict with …与…相冲突

50.major cause 主要原因

传媒与网络考试频率：★★★★

Media and the Internet 传媒与网络

1、TV and learning 电视与学习 7、Internet shopping 网络购物

2、Computer games 电脑游戏 8、Computer illiteracy 电脑文盲

3、Online communication 网络交际 9、Media and consumption 传媒与消费

4、Computers VS. teachers 电脑与老师 10、Children and advertising 儿童与广告

5、Nature of journalism 新闻本质 11、Global VS. local 全球与本地

6、Media and crime 传媒与犯罪 12、Virtuality and isolation 虚拟与孤独

真题重现

We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives.

Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?

Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way; others think that computer games help children’s development.

Discuss both views and give your opinion

分类词汇加油站

1. paparazzi 狗仔队 

2. mass media 大众媒体 

3. entertainment 娱乐 

4. journalism 新闻业

5. the latest news 最新消息

6. exclusive news 独家新闻

7.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全

8. news agency 新闻社

9. news block-out 新闻封锁

10. news censorship 新闻审查

11. freedom of the press 新闻自由

12. coverage 新闻报道

13. do reportage on … 报导… 

14. hit the headlines 上头条

15. issue 出版、发行

16. newsstand 报摊

17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人

18. chief editor 总编 

19. editorial 社论 一个巨大安慰

20. newsworthy 值得报道的

21. barometer 晴雨表

22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论晴雨表

23. live broadcast 直播 想象的

24. quiz show 智力竞争节目

25. right to know 知情权

26. variety show 综合节目

27. sitcom 情景喜剧

28. soap opera 肥皂剧

 29. affair 绯闻

 30. celebrity 名人

31. rise to fame 声名鹊起

32. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私

33. misleading 误导性的定和安全 

34. cheating 欺骗性的

35. popularity 知名度

36. scandal 丑闻

37. sensational 轰动的

38. prevalent 普遍的、流行的

39. imperative 重要的、必要的

40. audience ratings 收视率

41. propaganda 宣传

42. be abducted by 受…诱导

43. purify one's soul 净化心灵

44. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中

45. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是

国家与政府考试频率：★★★★

Nation and government 国家与政府

1、Government’s responsibility 政府职责

2、Educational policy 教育政策 

3、Assisting poor countries 帮助贫困国家 

4、Measuring a country’s success 成功国家标准 

5、Financially-aiding sports 体育投资 

6、Developing public transport 发展公共交通

7、Funding arts 资助艺术

8、Healthcare system 医疗福利体系

9、Housing shortage 住房问题

10、Legal system 司法体系

11、Space research 太空研究

12、Military defense 军事防御

真题重现

Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather than waste on the arts such as music and painting. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries

分类词汇加油站

1.unemployment；joblessness 失业

2.infrastructure 基础设施

3.social security 社会保障

4.medical care system 医疗保健

5.public transportation 公共交通

6.public service 公共服务

7.essential sectors 关键行业

8.non-essential sectors 非紧要行业

9.private sector 私人企业

10.general interest 公众利益

11.welfare 福利

12.financial assistance 经济援助

13.shake off\get rid of poverty 摆脱贫穷

14.authorities 当局

15.citizens; the citizenry 老百姓

16.regulate;administe;oversee 规范，管理

17.implement 实施

18.legislate; make laws 立法

19.strictly prohibit; ban altogether 严禁

20.stringent laws/legislation 严格的法律

21.scrutiny (n.); scrutinize (v.) monitor (v.) 监督

22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of; invest in; fund; dedicate money to sth.为……拨款

23.budget (n.) 预算 24.tax revenue 税收

25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府开支

26.curtail 削减

27.augment 增加

28.give priority to sth.把当作当务之急

29.responsibility; obligation 责任

30.arms race 军备竞赛

31.self-defense 自卫

32.national security; homeland security 国土安全

33.short-sighted policy 缺乏远见的政策

34.expansion (n.) aggression (n.)扩张

35.seek\pursue hegemony 谋求霸权

36.a vicious circle 恶性循环

37.destabilizing factors 地区不稳定因素

38.rules and regulations 规章制度

39.space race 太空竞赛

40.arms (n.) weapons (n.) armaments (n.) 武器

41.laid-off workers; downsized workers 下岗工人

42.power grid 电网

43.democratic 民主的 democracy 民主

44.民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government

生活与城市考试频率：★★★

Life and city 生活与城市

1、Life-altering inventions 发明改变生活 

2、Police and guns 警察佩戴枪支

3、Relocation of enterprises 企业搬迁 

4、Housing problems 住房问题

5、Protecting people’s privacy 保护隐私 

6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐现象

7、Keeping pets in cities 城市养宠物

 8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式

9、Money VS. happiness 金钱与幸福

 10、Teenagers VS. adults 青少年与成年人

11、Fast-paced modern life 现代快节奏生活

12、City plan 城市布局

真题重现

Some people think that a police force carrying guns can educate higher level of volience.to what extent do you agree or disagree？

In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other. Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?

分类词汇加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化

3.imbalance 不平衡

4.in the long run 从长远角度而言

5.infrastructure 基础设施

6.booming 繁荣发展的

7.tertiary industry 第三产业

9.revenue 税收

10.commercialization 商业化

11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤

12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 环境污染

14.over-industrialization 过度工业化

15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤

16.unemployment 失业

17.wealth distribution 财富分配

18.social instability 社会动荡

19.urban construction 城市建设

20.population explosion 人口激增

21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗

23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会

24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病

26.high cost of living 高额生活费用

27.pastoral life 田园生活

28.class polarization 阶级两极分化

29.social welfare 社会福利

30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照

31.urban sprawl 城市扩张

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具

33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务

34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力

35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔炉

37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘

38.pollutant 污染性物质

39.waste disposal 废物处理

40.put the blame on … 归咎于…

41.be attributable to … 归因为…

42.ways of consumption 消费方式

43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失

44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面临着…

46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪

47.vicious cycle 恶性循环

48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施

49.give priority to … 优先考虑…

50.city planners 城市规划

工作与职业考试频率：★★★

Career and occupation 工作与职业

1、Interpersonal skills 人际交流技能 

2、Stress management 减压

3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害 

4、Telecommuting 远程办公 

5、Women at workplace 女性参加工作 

6、Job satisfaction 工作的满意度

7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽与工作改变

 8、Part-time positions 兼职工作

9、Graduate unemployment 毕业生失业

10、Work vs. family 工作与家庭

11、Qualification vs. experience 资历与经验

12、Working in rural areas 去乡村工作

真题重现

Some people think that people working at home can benefit the employees a lot, not the employers.

To what extent do you agree or disagree？

Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their development while others hold different opinions. What is your opinion?

分类词汇加油站

1.the tempo\pace of life has increased 生活节奏加速

2.social settings 社会环境

3.religious belief 宗教信仰

4.educational level 教育程度

5.a sense of belonging 归属感

6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式

7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高压力和快节奏的生活方式

8.nurture a good state of mind 养成良好的心态

9.block out worries 争取减少忧虑

10.balance work and family 平衡工作和生活

11.a means of self-expression 自我表达的一种方式

12.follow blindly 盲目追求

13.root in daily life 源于生活

14.over nourishment 营养过剩

15.create alienation between people 人与人之间疏远

16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 过于功利的

17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利润

18.poverty alleviation 扶贫

19.job opportunity、employment opportunity 就业机会

20.promotion opportunity 提升机会

21.switching jobs、job-hopping 换工作\跳槽

22.acquire a wide array of skills 发展多种技能

23.lack of self-motivation 缺乏动力

24.directionless\aimless 没有目标

25.egoism 利己主义\altruism 利他主义

26.soothe the soul 平缓情绪

27.utilised as a form of propaganda 用做一种宣传手段

28.enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活

29.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

30.conform the existing rules 墨守成规

31.satisfied with material comforts 满足于物质

32.spiritual needs 精神享受

33.achieve a balance between work and pleasure 劳逸结合

34.time-conscious people 时间观念很强的人

35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 贫穷的

36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的

37.urban 城市的 rural 乡村的

38.urbanization 城市化

39.the disparity between the city and the countryside城乡差距

40.relocate 搬迁

41.telecommute 在家上班

42.leisure、recreation、entertainment 休闲、娱乐

43.laissez-faire management 宽松的管理

44.operating costs、overhead costs 运营成本

45.labor pool 劳动力资源

46.depression 抑郁症/insomnia 失眠症

47.population explosion 人口爆炸

48.gender equality 两性平等

49.gender discrimination、sexism 性别歧视

50.child bearing 生育孩子/child rearing 抚养孩子

51.elderly people、senior citizens 老年人

52.family bonds\ties 家庭成员间的情感纽带

语言与文化考试频率：★★

Language and culture 语言与文化

1、Language and age 语言与年龄 

2、Learning a foreign language 学习外语

3、International language 国际语言 

4、Dominance of English 英语的主导地位 

5、Assisting artists 资助艺术 

6、Cultural gap 文化差距

7、Tourism and culture 旅游与文化

 8、Pressing local culture 保护本地文化

9、Traditional architecture 传统建筑

10、Cultural facilities 文化设施

11、Culture vs business 文化与贸易

12、Working overseas 海外工作

真题重现

Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world’s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem. Discuss both and give your opinion.

In some cities, the old buildings are replaced by many modern buildings. Some people think it brings more disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.tourist attractions 、tourist spots、places of interest

旅游景点

2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护

3.forefathers、ancestors 祖先

4.descendants 后代

5.ethnic minorities 少数民族

6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族团结

7.cultural diversity 文化融合

8.interaction 互相影响

9.cultural diversity 文化多元性

10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狭隘的观念

11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of 贬低

12. push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons 开阔眼界

13.promote cultural communication 促进文化交流

14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引

15.first-hand experience 亲身体验

second-hand experience/vicarious experience 间接体验

16.multi-sensory 多种感官体验的

17.conflict 冲突

18.discord/dissension 争端

19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和当地人隔离

20.commercialize 商业化

21.cultural heritage 文化遗产

22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes 互联网不会让旅游业过时

环境与生态考试频率：★★★★

Environment and ecology 环境与生态

1、Environmental pollution 环境污染 

2、Ecotourism 生态旅游 

3、Curbing car-using 限制汽车使用

4、Endangered species 濒临灭绝物种 

5、Throw-away society 浪费型社会 

6、Environmental improvement 环境改善

7、Awareness raising 环保意识提高

8、Transport and environment 交通与环境

 9、International cooperation 国际合作（环境）

10、Sustainable development 可持续发展

11、Agriculture and ecology 农业与生态

12、Biodiversity 生物多样性

真题重现

Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think it is not necessary to invest money on protecting the wild animals. Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.ecosystem\ecological system 生态系统

2.cological balance\equilibrium 生态平衡

3.sustainable development 可持续发展

4.biodiversity 生物的多样性

5.environmentalists\conservationists 环 保 主 义 者 animal right activists 动物权益保护主义者

6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的 7.conservation 节约

8.recycle\reuse (v.) 再利用 10.benefit from 从中受益

11.enhance\elevate\raise the public awareness of …增强公众的……意识

12.put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵建议

13.shortage\scarcity\dearth\lack（n.）短缺

14.participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与城市重建

15.raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平

16.create a pleasant ecological environment 创造出一种和谐的生态环境

17.give priority to 优先关注

18.catch much attention 引起很大关注

19.deforestation (n.)砍伐森林

20.greenhouse effect、 global warming 温室效应

21.discharge effluent\sewage 排放污水

22.non-biodegradable garbage、inorganic trash 白色污染产生的垃圾/bio-degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋

23.afford their masters consolation and comfort 给主人

心理安慰

24.infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤

25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤

26.arable land 、farmland 耕地

27.pollute\contaminate (v.) 污染

28.poisonous\toxic (adj.) 有毒的

29.consume\deplete(v.)消耗(某种资源)

30.use up\exhaust （v.）用尽(某种资源)

31.harsh measures\actions 严厉措施

32.condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容

33.combat desertification 防治荒漠化

34.curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 治理环境污染

35.industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物

36.organic pollutions 有机污染物

37.environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 生态农业

38.water resource conservation zone 水资源保护区

39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保护区

40.endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物

41.medical research 医学研究

42.cruel\merciless\inhuman\callous\brutal 残忍的

43.vivisection 活体解剖

44.ease\alleviate\relieve animals’ pain 减轻动物的痛苦

个人与社会考试频率：★★★

Individual and society 个人与社会

1、Personal health 个人健康 

2、Age of machine 机器时代 

3、Social responsibility 社会责任 

4、Money and happiness 金钱与幸福 

5、Saving for retirement 养老储蓄 

6、Team activities 团队活动

7、Stressful life 压力生活

8、Healthcare and education 医疗与教育

9、Environmental responsibility 环保责任

10、Disasters and violence 灾难与暴力

11、Housing problems 住房问题

12、Law and order 法律与秩序

真题重现

Many people are busy with work and have less time to spend with families and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire. Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化

3.imbalance 不平衡

4.in the long run 从长远角度而言

5.infrastructure 基础设施

6.booming 繁荣发展的

7.tertiary industry 第三产业

9.revenue 税收

10.commercialization 商业化

11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤

12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 环境污染

14.over-industrialization 过度工业化

15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤

16.unemployment 失业

17.wealth distribution 财富分配

18.social instability 社会动荡

19.urban construction 城市建设

20.population explosion 人口激增

21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗

23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会

24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病

26.high cost of living 高额生活费用

27.pastoral life 田园生活

28.class polarization 阶级两极分化

29.social welfare 社会福利

30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照

31.urban sprawl 城市扩张

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具

33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务

34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力

35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔炉

37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘

38.pollutant 污染性物质

39.waste disposal 废物处理

40.put the blame on … 归咎于…

41.be attributable to … 归因为…

42.ways of consumption 消费方式

43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失

44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面临着…

46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪

47.vicious cycle 恶性循环

48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施

49.give priority to … 优先考虑…

50.city planners 城市规划

能源与交通考试频率：★★★

Energy and Transportation 能源与交通

1、Public transport expansion 发展公共交通 

2、Increasing private cars 私家车增多 

3、Traffic congestion 交通拥堵 

4、Road security 道路安全 

5、Water scarcity 水源短缺 

6、Overuse of fuel 燃料过度使用

7、Food export 食品出口

8、Space travelling 太空旅游

9、Producing pollution 制造污染

10、Cheap flight 低价飞行

11、Resource consumption 能源消耗

12、International tourism 国际旅游

真题重现

In some countries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of transport than in the past. Is this a positive or negative trend?

The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays. What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?

分类词汇加油站

1.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善城市基础设施建设

2.implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严格的汽车排放标准

3.reduce waste 减少浪费

4.eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷落后

5.prevent and control pollution 预防和控制污染

6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保护

7.keep ecological balance 维护生态平衡

8.adopt environmental protection technique 环保技术

9.strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和管理

10.enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预性措施

11.promote legislative regulations 促进立法管理

12.establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会的安全体系

13.impose some restrictions on 对…实施限制

14.arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们的…意识

15.take some preventive (remedial) measures 采取一些预防（补救）措施

16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施

17.take proper guidance and support 恰当引导和支持

18.impose heavier penalty on 对…实施严格的惩罚

19.set down effective laws 制定积极有效的法律

20.urban planning 城市规划

21.break the ecological balance 破坏了生态的平衡

22.contaminate the environment 污染环境

23.promote the sustainable development of the city 促进城市的可持续性发展

24.greenhouse effect 温室效应

25.strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制

26.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识

27.burning 迫在眉睫的 28.environmental degradation 环境恶化

29.at the cost of environment 以环境污染为代价

30.uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控

31.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽车尾气排放

32.exhaust purifier 尾气净化器

33.urban refuse 城市垃圾

34.protect …from overexploitation 防止过度开发

35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持

36.lead-free gasoline 无铅汽油

37.gas-fueled vehicles 天然气汽车

38.cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 电动汽车

39.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低资源消耗率

40.develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源

29.renewable resources 可再生资源

30.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

人口与经济考试频率：★★★

Population and economy 人口与经济

1、Overpopulation 人口爆炸

2、Population ageing 人口老龄化 

3、Governmental pension 政府养老 

4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 

5、Crimes 犯罪 

6、Agricultural development 农业发展

 7、Feminism 女权主义

8、Industrial locations 工业选址

9、Global trade 国际贸易

10、Economic gaps 经济差距

11、Youth unemployment 年轻人失业

12、Consumption patterns 消费方式

真题重现

In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities into regional areas. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?

分类词汇加油站

1.saving 储蓄

2.investment 投资

3.expenditure 支出 花费

4.capital 资本资金资产

5.currency 通货通用 市价

7.demand 需求 、需求量

8.supply 补给、供给、供应品

9.purchase 购买

10.inflation 通货膨胀

11.monetary 货币的金钱的

12.consume 消费消耗

13.distribution 分配、分发、配给物

14.taxation 课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额

15.externality 外部因素

16.trademark 商标 copyright 版权 著作权

17.restrict freedom 限制自由

18.invade privacy 侵犯隐私

19.depression 萧条 不景气

20.discount 折扣

21.financial 财政的 金融的

22.commit a crime 犯罪

23.break\violate\flout\disobey the law 触犯法律

24.offence、crimes、criminal acts 罪行

25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯

26accomplice、accessory 从犯

27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨社会

28.trauma 心理创伤

29.prison 监狱

30.imprison\incarcerate someone 监禁

31.victims 受害者

32.be brought to justice 被绳之以法

33.reform\rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯

34.law enforcement agencies 执法部门

35.heinous\flagitious crime、felony 重罪

36.petty crime 轻罪

37.first-time offenders 初犯者

38.hardened offenders 惯犯

39.revert to crime 再次犯罪

40. hunt down、 capture 抓捕

41.abide by the law 、comply with the law 遵守法律

42.law-abiding citizens 守法公民

43.boost the sense of safety 增强安全意识

44.reinforce the police force and increase patrol 增强警力和巡逻

45.miscarriges of justice 执法不公

46.deterrent effect 震慑作用

47.being closely monitored 受到严格监控

48.fear of reprisal 担心报复的心理

49.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime提高人们对于犯罪的警惕